ASGE Recognized Industry Associate (ARIA) Training Program OPEN | April 2022-Esophagus and Stomach In Disease

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The document discusses various disorders and conditions related to the esophagus and stomach in the gastrointestinal tract. Esophageal disorders can lead to symptoms such as maldigestion, difficulty swallowing, and chest pain. Stomach disorders can result in maldigestion, abdominal pain, and jaundice.<br /><br />Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which involves the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus or mouth, is a common condition. It can cause symptoms like heartburn, acid regurgitation, dysphagia, chronic cough, laryngitis, and asthma. Treatment options for GERD include lifestyle modifications, proton pump inhibitors, and surgery.<br /><br />Barrett's esophagus is a condition where the normal lining of the esophagus is replaced with the lining of the small intestine. It is a precancerous condition that increases the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma. Diagnosis and progression of the disease can be monitored through various tests, and treatment options include radiofrequency ablation and endoscopic mucosal resection.<br /><br />Esophageal motility disorders, such as achalasia, nutcracker esophagus, diffuse esophageal spasm, and systemic sclerosis, involve abnormal motility of the esophagus. Symptoms may include dysphagia, odynophagia, chest pain, and heartburn. Diagnosis is often done through esophageal manometry, and treatment options include botulinum injections, pneumatic dilation, surgical myotomy, and peroral endoscopic myotomy.<br /><br />Peptic ulcer disease refers to mucosal breaks in the gastrointestinal tract, commonly occurring in the stomach and duodenum. Causes include Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID use. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, nausea, vomiting, and perforation. Diagnosis is typically done through upper endoscopy, and treatment involves eradication of H. pylori if present and proton pump inhibitors.<br /><br />Other topics discussed in the document include upper gastrointestinal bleeding, management of bleeding, gastroparesis (delayed stomach emptying), treatment options for gastroparesis, and subepithelial masses.

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Brooke R. Glessing, MD

Keywords

esophagus

stomach

gastrointestinal tract

GERD

Barrett's esophagus

esophageal adenocarcinoma

peptic ulcer disease

gastrointestinal bleeding

gastroparesis

subepithelial masses