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This document discusses various diseases and conditions that affect the gastrointestinal tract, specifically focusing on the large intestine. It explores inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, as well as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It describes the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for each condition.<br /><br />IBD, which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic inflammation in the digestive tract. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and weight loss. Diagnosis is determined through a combination of clinical, radiographic, endoscopic, and pathologic findings. Treatment aims to improve quality of life, achieve remission, and maintain remission through various medications and surgical options.<br /><br />Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition that affects the colon and always involves the rectum. Symptoms include bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Diagnosis is made through colonoscopy, and treatment varies depending on the severity of the disease, with options including medications, biologics, cyclosporine, and surgery.<br /><br />Microscopic colitis is an inflammatory condition of the colon characterized by chronic watery diarrhea. It is diagnosed through colonoscopy with biopsy and can be treated with anti-diarrheals, 5-aminosalicylates, and corticosteroids.<br /><br />IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain or discomfort and a change in bowel habits. It affects approximately 15% of the US population and is more common in women. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, and treatment includes lifestyle modifications, symptom-specific drugs, and alternative therapies.<br /><br />Overall, this document provides an overview of the diseases and conditions that affect the large intestine, highlighting the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for each.

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Gauree Konijeti, MD, MPH

Keywords

gastrointestinal tract

large intestine

inflammatory bowel disease

Crohn's disease

ulcerative colitis

irritable bowel syndrome

symptoms

diagnosis

treatment options

microscopic colitis