talk on the basic anatomy and physiology of the liver, gallbladder, and the pancreas. So we'll start with a few questions. In the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, the liver makes digestive enzymes, receives and processes nutrients from the luminal gut. It's smaller than the pancreas. The answer is B, actually. Receives and processes nutrients from the luminal gut. Second question. In the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, the gallbladder stores bile, is a vital organ, makes digestive enzymes. So the liver, I mean, the gallbladder stores bile, so A is the correct answer there. In the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, the pancreas makes bile, makes insulin, which is involved in digestion, deposits its secretory products through the same opening as the bile duct. Deposits its secretory products through the same opening as the bile duct. So we'll start first, you've seen the schematic earlier on, and we're going to talk about with my colleagues who have spoken about the esophagus, stomach, the large intestine, and the small intestine. I'll talk about the liver, gallbladder, and the pancreas. So we'll start with the liver. It's a vital organ situated in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, sort of over, sits right above the stomach. It weighs about three to four pounds and has two main blood supply, the hepatic artery, which supplies the liver with oxygenated blood, and the portal vein, which supplies the liver with nutrient-rich blood. The basic anatomy consists of the hepatic veins, the portal vein, the hepatic artery, the bile duct, and the liver is also divided into two main lobes, the right and the left lobe. The biliary anatomy, the intrahepatic bile ducts, the cystic duct, which connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct, and the common bile duct, which is the main duct that transports bile to the duodenum, from where it mixes with the food to aid digestion. Function of the liver and bile. The liver produces bile, but the bile is stored in the gallbladder. The bile is released in response to a fatty meal via an enzyme called cholecystokinin. The absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins are also aided by the bile. The liver function, it synthesizes clotting factors, it synthesizes glucose via a process called gluconeogenesis, it synthesizes proteins and cholesterol. It also acts as a storage organ for glucose in the form of glycogen, which can be converted back to glucose to aid energy needs of the body. It stores vitamins A, D, B12, and vitamin K. It also stores iron as the main repository for iron in the body, and it stores copper. Its functions to break down medications, drugs, alcohol, and toxins. The pancreas. The pancreas is a glandular organ, it's about eight inches long. It consists of different segments, the uncinate process. It's divided also into the head, neck, body, and tail. The main pancreatic duct is, it has a main pancreatic duct and a minor pancreatic duct. In about 10% of people, there's a drainage via the minor pancreatic duct. The pancreas has various functions. It has an exocrine function, which it produces, secretes enzymes that break down fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. It also produces bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid. It has an endocrine function, which produces hormones that act in other parts of the body, such as insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Okay, that's it.

liver

gallbladder

pancreas

anatomy

physiology