ASGE Recognized Industry Associate (ARIA) Training Program OPEN | April 2022-Session 8 - Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas (Disease)

Video Transcription
Video Summary
The video discusses medical topics related to the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. It begins by briefly introducing the topics to be covered and then delves into the causes, symptoms, and treatments of various conditions. The speaker explains that gallstones are common and most are cholesterol stones. The most common form of pancreatic cancer is ductal adenocarcinoma. Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by scarring and loss of liver function. It is mostly caused by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease, and hepatitis C. The symptoms and complications of cirrhosis are discussed, including gastrointestinal bleeding, confusion, and ascites. The diagnosis of cirrhosis is made through blood tests, imaging, and liver biopsy. Varices, dilated blood vessels, can form in the esophagus and stomach due to increased pressure within the liver. They can lead to life-threatening bleeding. Treatment options for variceal bleeding include banding, medications, and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) . Ascites, the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, is another complication of cirrhosis. Treatment includes a low-sodium diet, diuretics, and TIPS. Hepatic encephalopathy, caused by the liver's inability to clear toxins, leads to altered mental status and confusion. It is diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and sometimes blood tests. Treatment involves identifying and addressing precipitating events and using medications to help clear toxins. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a frequent complication of cirrhosis, particularly viral hepatitis. Screening for early detection is recommended using routine ultrasound or imaging tests. Treatment options range from liver resection to transplantation. The speaker also mentions chronic liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatitis B. These conditions require lifestyle changes, including abstaining from alcohol and smoking, controlling blood sugar, and managing other risk factors. Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by chronic inflammation and scarring. Abstinence from alcohol, smoking cessation, and treating diabetes and exocrine insufficiency are recommended. Acute pancreatitis is sudden inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by heavy alcohol use or gallstones. Treatment involves supportive care, including intravenous fluids, and sometimes relieving obstruction in the bile or pancreatic ducts. Pancreatic cancer is a deadly form of cancer, often diagnosed at an advanced stage. The speaker mentions risk factors such as family history, smoking, obesity, and diabetes. Diagnosis involves imaging and biopsy, and treatment options range from surgery to chemotherapy. The video provides a comprehensive overview of these topics related to the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, summarizing the causes, symptoms, and treatments of various conditions.
Asset Subtitle
William Tierney, MD, FASGE
Keywords
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
cirrhosis
varices
ascites
hepatocellular carcinoma
pancreatic cancer