ASGE Recognized Industry Associate (ARIA) Training Program OPEN | March 2023-Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas (in Disease)

Video Transcription
Video Summary
In this video, the speaker provides a rapid-fire overview of various pathological conditions in the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The first condition discussed is cirrhosis, which occurs when scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, usually due to chronic inflammation. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is highlighted as the leading cause of liver disease, particularly in obese individuals and those with diabetes or high blood pressure. Other causes include alcohol-associated liver disease, hepatitis C and B infections, autoimmune-related conditions, excessive ion or copper deposition, and enzyme deficiencies. Symptoms can include fatigue, complications from infections, and various blood tests and imaging methods can be used for diagnosis. Treatment options for liver diseases include endoscopy for varices, medical therapies, and liver transplantation. Portal hypertension can lead to complications such as ascites and risk of infection. Hepatic encephalopathy can occur when toxins build up in the bloodstream due to the liver's reduced ability to neutralize toxins, leading to changes in mental function. Hepatocellular carcinoma, or liver cancer, is a potential complication of chronic liver inflammation. Treatment options for liver cancer include surgery, ablation, embolization, and chemotherapy. Liver transplantation is considered for advanced cases. Alcohol-related inflammation can cause acute pancreatitis, which can be treated with steroids. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a major concern due to the obesity epidemic and is managed through lifestyle changes and potential medical interventions. The speaker discusses hepatitis C and B infections, including testing and treatment options. Primary sclerosing cholangitis, which affects the bile ducts, is an autoimmune condition that increases the risk of infection and cancer. Treatment options include managing symptoms, liver transplantation, and occasionally biopsy and drainage. Gallstones are a common issue, often caused by cholesterol buildup. The speaker describes different types of gallstones and how they can lead to gallbladder inflammation or bile duct obstruction. Diagnosis is typically done through ultrasound imaging. Treatment options include gallbladder removal or various drainage methods. Pancreas inflammation can occur acutely or chronically, with chronic pancreatitis often leading to exocrine and endocrine dysfunction. Smoking and alcohol use are risk factors that should be avoided. Treatment may involve pain management, enzyme replacement, and stenting. Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive cancer with limited treatment options. Surgery and chemotherapy are mainstays, along with the placement of stents to relieve blockages. Measures can be taken during ERCP procedures to prevent pancreatitis, including generous fluid administration, indomethacin suppositories, and the placement of stents. Overall, the speaker emphasizes the importance of prevention, lifestyle changes, early detection, and ongoing research for better treatment options for these conditions.
Asset Subtitle
Anand Kumar, MD
Keywords
liver diseases
cirrhosis
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
hepatitis C
pancreatic cancer
gallstones