ASGE Recognized Industry Associate (ARIA) Training Program for Regeneron | June 2022-GI_Tract_in_Disease-Large_Intestine_IBD_and_IBS

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Gastrointestinal Tract in Disease: Large Intestine: IBD and IBS<br /><br />This document provides an overview of the involvement of the large intestine in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). <br /><br />IBD, which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by inflammation of the intestine. Symptoms of IBD include abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, weight loss, and perianal disease. Diagnosis is based on clinical, radiographic, endoscopic, and pathologic findings. Treatment options for IBD include surgery, antibiotics, aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, biologics, and small molecules. The goals of treatment are to improve quality of life, achieve remission, and maintain remission. <br /><br />UC is a form of IBD that is restricted to the colon and always involves the rectum. Symptoms of UC include bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, anemia, and weight loss. Diagnosis is made through colonoscopy, which reveals ulcerations and pseudopolyps. Treatment for UC depends on the severity of the disease and may involve surgery, biologics, cyclosporine, immunomodulators, corticosteroids, or topical and oral aminosalicylates. <br /><br />Microscopic colitis is an inflammatory condition of the colon characterized by chronic, watery diarrhea. It can be classified as collagenous colitis or lymphocytic colitis, diagnosed through colonoscopy with biopsy. Treatment for microscopic colitis includes anti-diarrheals, 5-aminosalicylates, budesonide, and corticosteroids. <br /><br />IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and a change in bowel habits. It affects 15% of the US population, with women being twice as likely to have it as men. IBS is diagnosed clinically and treatment options include lifestyle modifications, symptom-specific drugs, and alternative therapies such as fiber supplementation, dietary modifications, psychologic evaluation, antidiarrheals, laxatives, antispasmodics, anxiolytics, antidepressants, and hypnotherapy. <br /><br />Overall, understanding the involvement of the large intestine in IBD and IBS is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions, and improving the quality of life for patients.

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Nimisha Parekh, MD, MPH

Keywords

Gastrointestinal Tract

Large Intestine

IBD

IBS

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Crohn's Disease

Ulcerative Colitis

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Treatment