ASGE Recognized Industry Associate (ARIA) Training Program for Regeneron and Sanofi | August 2024-GI Tract in Disease_Large Intestine_Lower GI Bleeding_Colorectal Cancer

GI Tract in Disease_Large Intestine_Lower GI Bleeding_Colorectal Cancer_Diverticulosis

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This document focuses on gastrointestinal diseases related to the large intestine, particularly colorectal cancer, lower GI bleeding, and diverticulosis. Colorectal cancer is a common type of cancer in the U.S. with a lifetime risk of 5%. The natural history of colorectal cancer involves a progression from hyperproliferation to adenocarcinoma over 10-15 years. Clinical presentations of colorectal cancer vary from asymptomatic to emergent cases with obstruction or peritonitis. Screening for colorectal cancer is recommended for individuals aged 45 and above, those with a family history, inherited syndromes, or inflammatory bowel disease.<br /><br />Lower gastrointestinal bleeding, which mostly originates beyond the ligament of Treitz, presents with symptoms like bleeding, hematochezia, melena, anemia, lightheadedness, and chest pain. Causes of lower GI bleeding include diverticulosis, angiodysplasia, inflammatory conditions, and malignancies. Management involves ensuring adequate volume resuscitation and differentiating from upper GI bleeding.<br /><br />Diverticulosis involves outpouchings in the colon, usually asymptomatic but can lead to complications like diverticulitis or bleeding. Diverticulitis presents with left-sided abdominal pain and may require antibiotics or surgery for treatment. Diverticular bleeding, typically mild and self-limited, requires interventions like angiography, colonoscopy, or surgery. Hemorrhoids, characterized by swollen veins in the anal canal, can be managed conservatively or with procedures like rubber band ligation or surgery.

Keywords

gastrointestinal diseases

large intestine

colorectal cancer

lower GI bleeding

diverticulosis

hyperproliferation

screening

diverticulitis

hemorrhoids

management