Thank you, Amitabh, thank you, Shahal, for the kind invitation to present and for the invitation to come back. So as Schaefer pointed out, this, you know, I'm here to present the dark side here. Oh, you have my slides as well, okay. No, I can use this one. That's fine. Perfect. So just by a quick show of hands in the room, how many are PC users? All right. All right, brothers and sisters, this is fantastic. All right. This is better than I thought. I thought there would only be like one person that I'm going to teach how to use the PC version. This is fantastic. Yes. All right. Very good. So I'm a hardcore PC user. You know, I'm not here to advertise for Apple either. I'm here to advertise for my gaming laptop that has flashy keys and everything. This is for hardcore video gaming late at night in between video editing. So I'm going to talk to you guys a little bit about what I feel about video editing, which is this is like storytelling. So storytelling is a bit of an art. By a different show of hands, how many of you guys in this room did not come from a science background, like in college and whatnot? Like how many of you guys are humanities people? There you go. And the rest of you guys are all nerds. Got it. This is great. So, you know, storytelling is actually a lot more natural to those of us who are not science background people. I will admit that I'm not one of those. I actually came from an astrophysics background and then I went into medicine later on. So anyways, a couple of relevant disclosures. I'm on the editorial review board for Video GIE as well. So I can tell you all about like failed videos and stuff, things that we don't accept. And I kind of use this to guide myself in terms of like telling you guys how to make a video. So when I was an advanced fellow, you know, I was taught video editing from Marvin Yu and Chris Thompson at Brigham. And they were all hardcore PC users. And so I was a PC user and, you know, don't feel intimidated by your computers or anything. I had a computer that my mentor, Raman Muthusamy at UCLA, he used to make fun of my laptop every single day. He would be like, that computer looks like a dinosaur. That thing looks like it's like 10 years old. How do you even get anything to run on that? As soon as you get a job, I'm going to buy you a new computer. And so, you know, don't feel intimidated. You just need a working computer and you should be able to make a video. So this was one of those videos that I made when I was an advanced endoscopy fellow. And you know, you take a case, you make a video, and kind of like what Schaefer alluded to, you make the slides, you make the outline, you take your, you know, you take your procedure, you turn it into a case, you get the footage. And there's a couple of other things. And the full video is on VideoGIE if you ever want to look at it. But we decided to incorporate additional educational elements to it. So for example, in this video, we were talking about EUS guided coiling for gastric varices. So we decided to actually highlight, how do you set up coils? So like, what do coils actually look like? So what I did was, as Sai knows, I'm a bit of a pro photographer on the side. So I had a lot of like fancy, like pro photography equipment, I had like a legit digital SLR with a tripod and everything with like a really good lens. So I actually brought, like hauled all that to work and filmed. This is Amit Bazarbashi, who was a first year fellow at the time, who's now on faculty at Wash U in St. Louis. So I filmed his beautiful hands, loading coils and, you know, pushing coils out, and I was the videographer. So you know, we can incorporate like educational elements into it, not just the endoscopy footage, but even a little bit of like the technical stuff, right? Like how do you actually set up coils? What does a coil look like? You know, a lot of people don't realize that a coil is like furry or like fuzzy on the end, you know, until they work on it for the first time. Then we talked about how do you prepare, you know, stuff like gel foam. And so we actually took a little bit of creative liberty with this video as well, and kind of like showed people how do you prepare gel foam, you stick it into a plunger. And this was before we realized that gel foam actually came in a preloaded syringe. And so we actually like filmed how to use a three-way stopcock and mix it yourself to like blend it in. And so let's see here, this mouse is not exactly the most sensitive here. And then, you know, we go over the EUS footage, then we had the fluoro images as well. So you'll notice here that we incorporated not just video footage, but also stills. And so like for example, hang on, hang on, hang on. So there's like still footages from, you know, from fluoroscopy, there's EUS footage, there was endoscopy footage, more fluoro. So just kind of get into the habit of realizing that, you know, kind of like what Schaefer was bringing up with putting CT images there, you can have not just endoscopy footage, right? You can have stuff like how do you set up. So actual video recordings of your hands, setting things up, fluoro shots, still images, feel free to use all the tools at your disposal and take some creative liberty with it to actually make a really good video and tell a complete story. So if you do it right, and you tell a complete story, you go to DDW, and yes, there actually is an Oscar award. So the ASG video plenary, you actually can win an Oscar trophy. So this was a 2018 DDW, I, you know, came home with two Oscars that year, didn't have to give an acceptance speech or anything. But you actually do win an Oscars. And actually, one of the hints that I'll give you is if you are lucky enough to get into the video plenary, for whatever reason, I've never been invited back. But if you actually make it onto the plenary, you better be prepared to deliver that same video cold. So they turn off all the audio, and you better be able to keep pace with the video that you made, right? So you cannot be slower than the video you sent in, you better be talking at the exact same pace as the video. So I then thought about, you know, how did we actually, like, how did I go through that and figure out how to make a video? And what I did was I kind of broke down video editing into 10 steps, what I thought were the 10 steps for how to make a good video. So step one, have a plan. You guys all do really amazing cases. You may not realize it in the heat of the moment, but you all do things that are more interesting than you can imagine. If you ever talk to any of your non-medical friends, and you tell them what you do, they're going to be blown away by what you do. And you know, if you guys don't have a non-medical friend, you should get a non-medical friend and tell them what you do. And they're going to be absolutely, like, their minds going to be blown by the fact that you can stick a cannula into the ampula, right? And then get into the habit of recording your cases, because you never quite know which is going to be the one. And then you want to have the right equipment for the job. So this is the setup at Anderson, where we do our cases. And so those of you guys who use an Olympus processor, which is probably the majority, but Pentax and Fuji processors have similar adapters on the back, too. On an Olympus processor, there's this thing called a digital out. So that digital out is almost like there's cords that convert that exact plug, called a DVI plug, into USB. And you can plug almost like a USB cable in there. And it may have to go through several rounds of adapters. So in our case, we have one adapter, two adapter, and then it plugs into an iMac that Raju has installed into every single room in the endoscopy unit. So if you're a PC user like me and you don't want to go through that, you can then take the same plug. And honestly, you can take your pick, which one you want to go into, depending on what kind of plugs you have on your computer. So don't buy a Mac just because everyone uses iMovie. Don't buy a Mac just because everyone tells you to use a Mac. So this is what I use. So it looks like it's on sale at 40% off on Amazon right now. But I use Corel Video Studio. This is the version that, when I was learning how to make a video during my advanced fellowship, Marvin Yu told me this is what he used. So I used the same one, just so that it was easy. And then the next step is you really want to start editing down the footage. So you have a lot of footage whenever you do a case, right? There's a lot of downtime. There's a lot of exploration. There's a lot of times where you're just kind of staring around, watching, looking. So I'm giving a lecture in a couple of weeks for a different course, and I decided to take a recent case that I did. So this was a hybrid EMR plus full thickness resections, 89-year-old guy who came in with a large sort of polypoid-looking mass. And he's not a very good surgical candidate, so they asked me if there was a way to endoscopically try to remove it, at least to get diagnosis. And so basically, I have a lot of footage here looking at how do you examine the lesion, and then footage on EMR, so like injecting under it, putting a snare over it, snaring it off, and then footage of the full thickness resection device and resecting this thing. So here, as I'm going through, I'm actually cutting down the footage. And where I make the cuts, so I will purposely scroll through the entire footage. So I'll take that hour and a half long video, and I'll purposely scroll through looking for key moments that I think may be worthwhile. So for example, I'm looking here, and what I'm doing is I'm looking at where did I start injecting, and wherever I start injecting, that's where I make my first cut. And then I look to see where did I put the snare on, I make a cut there. At what point did the polyp come off, I make a cut there. At what point did I put in the full thickness resection device, I make a cut there. At what point did I rothnet the lesion and remove it out of the patient's mouth, I make a cut there. And so in that fashion, you're able to make a really decent first pass, if you will, and get the footage down from about an hour and a half all the way down to, at this point, I already have it down to about 30 minutes. And then from there, you can really then go through your footage again and make a second pass, if you will, and further edit down the footage. So here, I'm kind of, again, going through, going through, and I make additional passes. So every time you make a pass through the video, you cut it more, you cut it down into little bite-sized chunks, and then you're able to get it down eventually from an hour and a half down to 30 minutes, and now I actually have it down to 3 minutes and 43 seconds, right, really having only the important stuff. From the moment I walked in through the GE junction and stared at the polyp for the first time, down to the EMR, down to the full thickness, down to the specimen, and then when you're done with that, you put on the subtitles. You then figure out your audio narration, and then you go from there. So you have the scientific material, but you also have to, at the same time, think about how you want to tell the story, right? So you want to tell the story in the same way that Schaefer and I gave the lectures. You want to do it in a way that's informative. You want to do it in a way that's educational, but you also want to do it in a way that's entertaining. So you want to be engaging with the audience, because someone's going to be watching this thing and you don't want them to fall asleep watching your video, right, but you also want to present a very compelling story that is scientific as well, but that is also educational, because at the end of the day, you're trying to tell a story to benefit other people, right? And so, you know, it does help to come up with an outline, and you need a PowerPoint anyway for this. And so how do I start the narration? So when I narrate a video, I always start with a short introduction first, right? It's like, in this video, I'm going to talk to you about a hybrid endoscopic mucosal resection and full thickness resection of a mass in the gastric fundus. And then you follow it up with the real introduction, right? So you know, endoscopic resection, blah, blah, blah. You know, here we want to talk about this and that. And then you really kind of go into the technique and the device. And then you go into the video footage. So as you saw, that was an hour and a half long case that I cut down to about three minutes. And I think the final version of that for the talk that I'm giving, it's like a minute. So it's about 60 seconds worth of footage out of an hour and a half long case. So the punchline here is that there's a lot more footage than you need, and you need a lot less than you think. And the rule of thumb is that for video GIE submission, where it's like six to eight minutes, you probably need a max of about four to six minutes of good, solid footage, because you're going to be narrating and giving slides and everything. And honestly, for most cases, that's way more than enough to really get your point across. You want to use subtitles to your advantage, especially when you highlight key steps in your procedure. And, you know, as I showed you in the video when we started, there's nothing wrong with adding a still image. As Schaefer showed you guys, do not overdo your animations or transitions. You know, you don't want that Star Wars font, you know, the galaxy far, far away thing. And don't be full... Now, don't be compelled to put audio into every second of your video. I think there's always a natural fear of awkward silence. But as Raju will tell you, silence is golden, you know, there's nothing wrong with silence. You know, silence is peaceful. It allows the audience to actually enjoy the work that's being done. For audio narration, I have a couple of tips of my own. So when I was an advanced fellow, I was given a very odd piece of advice, which was to hide yourself in the closet. And I thought to myself, that's an interesting one. And that's actually a very, very solid piece of advice. You want to... First of all, you want to create a script and you want to record in short clips. So, you know, for that entire video, there were maybe... I created a word file with verbatim exactly what I was going to say, including all the filler words, the ums, the ands, the likes and everything. And you have it verbatim in a word file. And then you have it in a way where every sentence is on its own separate bullet point. So it's like each bullet point is like a phrase or a sentence. And then you record each one of those individually. And I'll kind of tell you a little bit about why. Is that if you were to record a full paragraph, you may not realize how often you stop and you're thinking to yourself, um, or like, or you stutter, or all these other things that you may not realize that you do. So that's why you want to record in short clips. Have energy. Be proud of your work. Never use a robotic voice. You know, we have a very diverse field. I love everyone's accents. I do not like a computerized accent. So never, never, never, ever use a robotic voice. And I think all of us who review for Video GIE, I think I'm not the only one who rejects videos when they use like a computer to do the talking. And then always record in the same environment. So I really like the master closet idea. It's a small enclosed space. There are no windows, so you don't get outside noises from fire engines and construction vehicles moving by, subways. And it's in the middle of your house or middle of your apartment. So there's like no screaming kids, no screaming spouse. It's not in the endoscopy unit, so there's no cardiac monitor beeps or anesthesia machines. And it's consistent. Why is a master bedroom good? Because all of you guys have clothes. Clothes are a really good dampener acoustically. So there's no echo when you record in a master bedroom. So for me, when I record, it sounds really, for the lack of a better term, it sounds really ghetto. But what I do is, you know, I put myself in a closet. I put my computer up or I put, you know, with the audio script. I take my iPhone. I take a headset and I just, you know, go to video notes and I just create, you know, one recording, like one snippet at a time. And I try to record everything in one session. That way the background is always the same level of peace and quiet. And then when you conclude, just make a couple of brief comments about the cases, about the technique, about the device. One piece of advice that was given to me that I'll pass on is when you finish your video, it's always kind of nice to come up with a couple of teaching points. What are a couple of things that you think would be nice to pass on? Things that you learn from the case, like important technical aspects of the procedure. Because the video shouldn't be just about you. It should be about you trying to educate somebody else about what you do. And then when you finish the video, really kind of go through it. Absolutely no typos in the video, ever. Make sure your audio matches up. And then give yourself a nice pat on the back. It takes a solid six to eight hours to make a video that lasts six to eight minutes. And so this was a video that I created for VideoGIE. You can kind of see the finished product. So a lot of slides, more slides. Make sure you save your file often. I think all of us who've done video editing have had the displeasure of losing your project and then having to start over. So always save your file. Every step along the way, every edit you make, save your file. Your best friend is Control S, or I guess Apple S. And then you can see here, this is what a completed storybook looks like. There's a lot of slides. There's still images. On the bottom, you see all the audio clips. So all the separate little audio clips that I made. And then you have the actual subtitle footage. Sometimes you can actually overlay videos. So you could put one video on top of another on top of another. So there's a lot of different elements that you could put into this. And I'll just kind of let you guys watch for fun. Here, you can see I put slides. I put two videos on top of a slide. More subtitle audio on the bottom. A little bit of silence here and there, and you kind of get the idea, right? So now that you have a video product, your video is very versatile, and it's kind of a shameless plug for ASGE. But you can be used for a lot of different settings, for Video GIE, for the new journal, IGIE, for lectures, conferences, YouTube, and social media. But do remember that if you are submitting a video for publication, this is a actual publication. So please also have a good manuscript that comes with it. I'll just kind of give you guys a hint, which is that on a Video GIE paper, the video is considered supplementary. So that is a hint. So that you should always make sure you have a real manuscript that goes with it, that has references, figures, and a very polite cover letter. And you can see the guide for authors for further instructions. And then, last but not least, you guys are part of a very privileged crowd to actually have this type of opportunity to learn how to make videos and whatnot. Pay it forward as a mentor. Always think about, how do you mentor someone? You guys are all fellows now, so you guys are all going to be first authors. How do you go from first author to last author? So step one is to have a fellow who has a very pleasant accent. So this is my fellow who has a beautiful South American accent. And then this is a paper that we subsequently published. Right, and so we took a lot of the stuff that I learned and kind of passed it on. And I'll kind of turn off the audio so it's not as distracting. And we talked about the Pathfinder Overtube. How do we set it up? So this is like, now that you've seen a couple of my videos, this is like classic Phil G style here, right? It's like you have instructional videos of how do you set up the equipment? What does the equipment look like? What does the Pathfinder look like? What does it do? It's like we could have taken the video from their website, but we decided to kind of make our own, demonstrating can have one-to-one motion when you put a scope through it. Then we have endoscopy footage of how did we actually do it. And then we actually have overlay with how did we actually insert the scope of the Pathfinder attached to it. So there's a lot of really good footage. We talked about ESD knives. We talked about what are the characteristics of this particular knife that we're showing off. Injection capabilities, et cetera. So this is, again, filmed in endoscopy. And then we show footage of actually of the endoscopic resection. This was like a resection of a failed EMR. It's a patient who had a failed EMR, the hepatic flexure that we took with ESD. And then here we have conclusions. And in this case, we did not really include any additional learning points. But you kind of get the idea. Make sure you enjoy the course today and tomorrow. And make sure you pay it forward to all the people that you will subsequently teach. Thank you, guys.

video editing

educational purposes

endoscopy

storytelling

engaging the audience

informative content