EoE Module 1 References-Wang et al Respir Res 2023 Global regional national burden of asthma 1990 to 2019 A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Wang et al Respir Res 2023 Global regional national burden of asthma 1990 to 2019 A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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This study, conducted by Wang et al., examines the global, regional, and national burden of asthma and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019, using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. The study aims to provide updated estimates on asthma prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and assesses age, period, and cohort effects on asthma rates.<br /><br />Key findings include a 24.05% decrease in age-standardized asthma prevalence, a 51.3% decrease in mortality, and a 42.55% decrease in DALYs from 1990 to 2019. Despite these declines, the absolute burden of asthma remains significant, with an estimated 262.41 million prevalent cases globally in 2019. Asthma burden patterns differ by sex, with females experiencing greater DALYs in adulthood. The lowest DALYs were observed at a sociodemographic index (SDI) level of 0.70, revealing a complex, non-linear relationship between development status and asthma burden.<br /><br />Asthma prevalence showed a W-shaped pattern by age, with peaks among children and older adults, while mortality followed a J-shaped distribution, increasing significantly with age. Geographic variations were notable, with high-income regions like North America and Western Europe showing high prevalence but low mortality rates, thanks to better healthcare systems. In contrast, low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia, faced high mortality rates.<br /><br />The study identifies high body mass index, occupational asthmagens, and smoking as significant risk factors for asthma DALYs, with high body mass index having the greatest global impact (16.94%). The analysis underscores the need for further research into other potential risk factors and effective public health policies targeting these known risks, especially in low-SDI countries. <br /><br />Overall, while asthma management has improved, leading to substantial declines in age-standardized rates, the overall burden remains significant, necessitating continuous global health efforts.

Keywords

asthma

global burden

DALYs

prevalence

mortality

risk factors

age-standardized rates

sociodemographic index

geographic variations

public health policies