EoE ToT Module 6 References-Nirwan et al Nature Sci Rep 2020 Global prevalence and risk factors of GERD Systematic review with metaanalysis

Nirwan et al Nature Sci Rep 2020 Global prevalence and risk factors of GERD Systematic review with metaanalysis

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The systematic review and meta-analysis by Jorabar Singh Nirwan et al. aims to determine the global prevalence and risk factors of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). The study synthesizes data from various databases, encompassing 102 studies from 37 countries, involving 469,899 participants. The pooled global prevalence of GORD is estimated at 13.98%, suggesting that approximately 1.03 billion people may suffer from the condition worldwide.<br /><br />The prevalence of GORD shows substantial regional and country-specific variations, ranging from 12.88% in Latin America and the Caribbean to 19.55% in North America, with the highest country-specific prevalence observed in Turkey (22.40%) and the lowest in China (4.16%). The study identifies multiple risk factors, including gender, age, alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI), education level, marital status, NSAIDs/aspirin use, domicile area, smoking habits, income level, and dietary preferences (like spicy food and carbonated drinks).<br /><br />Key findings indicate that females, those with higher BMI, low educational level, and lower income are more prone to GORD. Other factors, such as high intake of spicy food and carbonated drinks, urban living, and NSAID/aspirin use, further increase the risk. Conversely, smoking is found to be an insignificant risk factor. Differences in the prevalence might also be influenced by varying study designs, including different definitions and diagnostic criteria for GORD.<br /><br />The study highlights the significant burden of GORD both medically and economically, underlining the importance of standardized diagnostic criteria and increased global awareness. It suggests that better identification of high-risk individuals can lead to earlier diagnosis and better-targeted treatments, which could mitigate GORD's impact on society.

Keywords

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

GORD prevalence

global study

risk factors

meta-analysis

regional variations

BMI

dietary preferences

NSAIDs

diagnostic criteria